Resultados preliminares del análisis de bajo peso al nacer, nacimiento pretérmino y pequeño para la edad gestacional, reportados en la base de datos del Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal durante los años 2012-2017

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate the changes that have occurred from 2012 to 2017, and analyze the factors that influence them. Materials and Methods. The maternal-perinatal statistical database managed by the National Maternal Perinatal Institute was analyzed. All those births belonging to Metropolitan Lima, born alive, of single births were included, obtaining a total of 107,581 deliveries. A multivariate analysis was performed adjusting for different obstetric and socioeconomic variables. Results. There were no significant changes in Low Birth Weight, Preterm Birth and PEG between the different years. In all three cases, mild anemia is playing as a protective factor 0.91 (0.74-1.1), 0.80 (0.72-0.90) and 0.85 (0.76-0.95), respectively. While pre-eclampsia is the most influential risk factor, OR: 2.90 (2.25-3.73), 5.23 (4.61-5.98) and 3.00 (2.57-3.49), respectively. Conclusion. The risk of Low Birth Weight, Preterm Birth and PEG did not vary significantly in the 2012-2017 period when controlling for the other variables. Mild anemia should be considered as a protective factor against adverse perinatal outcomes, while erythrocytosis as a risk factor. Given its impact on perinatal outcomes, it is imperative to study the factors that predispose to develop pre-eclampsia.