Caracterización de las gestantes cesareadas por antecedente de cesárea previa en un hospital de tercer nivel de Lima, Perú

Abstract

Objective. To describe the psychological, social and gynecological characteristics of patients with gestational loss
seen at the Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal (2022). Materials and Methods. This research corresponds to a
retrospective descriptive observational study, in which 176 clinical histories of patients with gestational losses during
the year 2022 attended by the psychology service who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were collected. An
analysis of frequencies and percentages of the different variables was performed in order to meet the research objectives. Results. The average age of the patients was 30 years (min: 18 years and max: 46 years), with a mean of 2.64
gestations in the sample, a minimum of 0 and a maximum of 4 gestational losses. Fetal death (65.34%) was the most
frequent diagnosis of fetal death. All the patients presented a psychological disorder, with Brief Depressive Reaction
being the most frequent (61.36%). Seventy-eight percent came from dysfunctional families and 68.75% of the patients
came from a nuclear family. 94.89% reported not having planned the pregnancy; however, 97% indicated that they
accepted it after learning of the pregnancy. Eighty-nine percent received support from the couple, 79.55% of whom
mentioned having a stable relationship; however, 51% did not receive support from the family of origin. Conclusion.
Brief depressive reaction was the most frequent psychological characteristic in the patients; non-planning, partner
support and pregnancy acceptance were the most prevalent social characteristics, and fetal death was the usual
reason for fetal decease in this sample.